原标题:考研英语精读2023-10-17期|英语考研阅览笔记|文末获取(pdf版+word版+mp3)
01 选文来历
the economist-2023-9-9期「te 」rome and its popes:pontificating pontiffs
【1】the papacy is one of the world’s longest-running institutions. it may also be one of the strangest. there have been rival popes, an english pope and even, legend has it, a female pope.
【2】many books have been written about the papacy. jessica w?rnberg’s does not try to cover all the 266 men who have been chosen by conclaves of cardinals. it barely touches on the corrupt borgia popes, for instance, or the medici pope who vowed that, god having given him the papacy, he would enjoy it (as many have done). but the book’s strength is its range, from st peter in the first century all the way to pope francis today.
【3】ms w?rnberg is especially good on the early years, when christianity and the papacy emerged under the shadow of a hostile imperial rome. her chronology can be confusing, and she makes a few slips (julius caesar was never an emperor, for example). yet the story of how popes became leading actors is well told.
【4】the papacy has long had tricky relations with temporal authorities, such as holy roman emperors and european monarchs. french kings, in particular, clashed repeatedly with pontiffs, leading to the papacy’s exile to avignon during the medieval era. as french emperor, napoleon struggled against the papacy. but it was the arrival of martin luther and the spread of protestantism across northern europe in the 16th century that did most to undermine papal authority.
【5】two big themes stand out from the book. the first is the reactionary instincts of the institution and its occupants. popes have generally backed those in power against reformers or liberals. in the 19th century, pope gregory xvi banned railways (“highways to hell”) and even streetlights in his territories.
【6】second is the link to rome and the italian government based there. rome often seems ungovernable, and the papacy is one reason. most ordinary italians are no longer in thrall to their church, yet its hold on the political class remains palpable. the latest evidence of this is the conservative social policy of italy’s current prime minister, giorgia meloni, who opposes gay marriage and abortion. even under francis, who is socially liberal by historical standards, the papacy’s political influence persists.
①短语:
1.原文:it barely touches on the corrupt borgia popes,
词典:touch on/upon sth 谈及;提及
例句:in his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.
他在讲演中只能触及这个疑问的几个方面。
2.原文:for instance, or the medici pope who vowed that, god having given him the papacy, he would enjoy it
词典:for instance 例如;比方
例句:what would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?
比方说,假定你发现有职工偷东西,你会怎么办?
3.原文:but the book’s strength is its range, from st peter in the first century all the way to pope francis today.
词典:all the way 自始至终,一向
例句:our lugg
age was checked all the way through to our final destination.
咱们的行李一向被邮递到究竟意图地。
don’t tell me how it ends ─ i haven’t read it all the way through yet.
先别告诉我书的结束,我还没有看完呢。
4.原文:her chronology can be confusing, and she makes a few slips
词典:make slips犯错
例句:he recited the whole poem without making a single slip.
他一字不差地背诵了全诗。
5.原文:french kings, in particular, clashed repeatedly with pontiffs,
词典:clash with sb 打架,冲突,竞赛
例句:the two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.
两边的撑持者在体育场外打了起来。
6.原文:french kings, in particular, clashed repeatedly with pontiffs,
词典:in particular 1.特别,特别 2.特别的,专门的
例句:he loves science fiction in particular.
他特别喜爱科幻小说。
peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular .
彼得躺在沙发上,无所事事。
7.原文:two big themes stand out from the book.
词典:stand out (from/against sth) 显眼;杰出
例句:the lettering stood out well against the dark background.
那种字体在深色布景下非常夺目。
she’s the sort of person who stands out in a crowd .
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
②长难句
1.原文:but it was the arrival of martin luther and the spread of protestantism across northern europe in the 16th century that did most to undermine papal authority.
2.分析:it was …(被偏重有些)that …是偏重句型,the arrival of martin luther and the spread of protestantism就是被偏重有些。across northern europe是地址状语,in the 16th century作时刻状语。在偏重句中,去掉it was和that,剩下有些是能构成无缺语句的,即the arrival of martin luther and the spread of protestantism(主语)did most(谓语动词)to undermine papal authority(不定式表意图)。
3.译文:但直到16世纪,马丁·路德(martin luther)的呈现以及新教在北欧的广泛传达才最大程度的削弱了教皇的权势。
1.原文:the latest evidence of this is the conservative social policy of italy’s current prime minister, giorgia meloni, who opposes gay marriage and abortion.
2.分析:主句是主系表规划the latest evidence of this(主语)is(系动词)the conservative social policy(表语)of italy’s current prime minister(介词of标明所属联络)。giorgia meloni为italy’s current prime minister的同位语。who opposes gay marriage and abortion是who引导的定语从句,润饰giorgia meloni。
3、写作技巧
there have been rival popes, an english pope and even, legend has it, a female pope.
前史上曾呈现过仇视教皇、一位英格兰教皇,甚至还有传闻称呈现过一位女人教皇。
表达:legend has it在句中作刺进语,标明“传闻……”,其间legend可以替换为rumour(传闻)、word(传闻)等。此外,legend has it that …的规划可以放在句首,that引导语句,具体阐明传言传说的内容。
例句:rumour has it that the salt we consume everyday will quickly be polluted owing to the toxic discharge of nuclear-contaminated water into the ocean by japan.
传言称,因为日本的核污染水被排放进大海,咱们往常食用的食盐将很快被污染。
④布景常识:
罗马教皇:教宗(拉丁语:papa),原意为父亲。教宗一词见于前期天主教时期的教会内部,是基督徒对宗教领袖的爱称,本身并不具有特别职权颜色。天主教会(全名“至一至圣大公教会及宗座教会”)的领袖,傍边包括罗马天主教会(拉丁礼)和东仪天主教会。这一称谓一起由东正教会和安立甘教会等声称“大公”的教会共享,也因而致使不合。现任(第266任)教宗为方济各,于2013年3月13日中选。教宗官邸在梵蒂冈圣彼得大教堂。
教宗的无缺头衔是:“罗马主教,基督之代表,众门徒之主之后继者,最高祭司(教宗),西方宗主教,意大利首席主教(主教长),罗马省大主教及都主教 (总主教),梵蒂冈城国领袖及天主之众家丁之家丁”。教会很少会运用这个无缺的头衔。天主教认为教宗为初任罗马主教圣伯多禄的后继,因而一初步称号他为 “伯多禄之代表”,直到5世纪时才改称为这更具声威的“基督之代表”。
⑤期间粗心:
【1】教皇制前史悠长
【2】沃恩伯格所著新书谈论了教皇制
【3】沃恩伯格书中具体介绍了教皇是如何一步步走向权力中心
【4】教权与政权历来有许多冲突
【5】书中的第一大主题是教廷对变革的打压
【6】366外刊社|英语外刊社
【7】pdf下载366外刊社??mtw.so/61zrfu??获取回来搜狐,查看更多
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