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heat-loving, petroleum-eating bacteria that live thousands of metres beneath the seafloor seep out into the ocean. they may then float around in a dormant state before coming back to life in other distant oil reserves.
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日子在海底数千米深处的嗜热嗜油细菌渗透到海洋中。然后它们可以以休眠状况漂浮,直到在其他悠远的石油贮藏中恢复生力。
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as much as 45 per cent of all?microbes live underground in hot rocks, subsisting on hydrocarbons and other chemical energy. this “deep biosphere” is the largest habitat on earth, yet little is known about the ecology of all that lives there, says?casey hubert?at the university of calgary in canada. “you can’t put a radio collar on a microbe and follow it around like you would with a grizzly bear,” he says.
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多达45%的微生物日子在地下的热岩石中,以碳氢化合物和其他化学能为生。加拿大卡尔加里大学的凯西·休伯特说,这个“深层生物圈”是地球上最大的歇息地,但我们对那里一切生物的生态环境知之甚少。他说:“你不能给微生物戴上无线电项圈,然后像对灰熊那样跟踪它。”
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hubert and his colleagues used a combination of acoustic surveys and genetic analysis to better understand how bacteria from the deep biosphere get around.?the researchers identified a section of the continental shelf south-west of nova scotia where petroleum was seeping out of cracks and into the ocean using an autonomous submarine equipped with sonar. they then took scoops of mud from 14 sites on the seafloor by lowe
ring a tube from their research ship.
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为了非常好地晓得来自生物圈底处的细菌是如何活动的,休伯特和他的火伴们将声学查询与基因分析进行了断合。研讨人员使用一艘配备声纳的主动潜艇,发现新斯科舍省西南部的大陆架上有一有些区域有石油正从裂缝中渗出,并流入海洋。然后,他们从他们的科考船上放下一根管子,从海底的14个地址搜集了几勺泥浆。
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heat-loving bacteria – called thermophiles – can become dormant spores when exposed to cold. to identify any thermophilic spores in the samples, the researchers heated them in the lab to 80°c (176°f). “that kills most of the stuff”, says hubert. “but the spores wake up and start to have quite a party.” some?spores can remain viable in hostile environments?for thousands and?possibly millions?of years.
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喜热的细菌——又称嗜热菌——处在严寒环境时可以变成休眠孢子。为了识异常本中的嗜热菌孢子,研讨人员在实验室中将它们加热到80°c(176°f)。休伯特说:“这会杀死大有些生物。”“但孢子醒了,并初步开派对。”一些孢子可以在恶劣的环境中存活数千年,甚至数百万年。
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the finding is “very beautiful evidence” that the bacteria had been carried to the seafloor from deep in the earth within the petroleum seeps, a process which can take decades to hundreds of years, says?juan h?fer?at pontifical catholic university of valparaíso in chile.?the bacteria’s journey probably doesn’t end there. ocean currents could move the dormant bacteria elsewhere on the seafloor, with most of them ending up nearby but some travelling thousands of kilometres away, says hubert.
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智利教皇天主教大学的朱安·胡佛说,这一发现是“非常秀丽的根据”,证明细菌是从地下深处的石油渗漏处被带到海底的,这个进程可以需要几十年到几百年。细菌的旅程可以不会就此结束。休伯特说,洋流可以会把休眠的细菌带到海底的其他当地,其间大大都会在邻近停留,但也有一些会漂到数千公里外。
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这篇文章节选自:new scientist(新科学家)
发布时刻:2022.08.26
作者:james dinneen
原文标题:heat-loving, oil-eating bacteria are seeping out of the sea floor
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◆词汇堆集
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1.seep
/si?p/
v.(液体)渗漏,渗透;逐步移动,逐渐散开
n.(油、水)渗出地表的当地
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2.dormant
/?d??m?nt/
adj. (动物)蛰伏的,(似)在深睡的; (植物或芽)休眠的; (火山)暂时不活动的,中止的; (疾病)匿伏期的
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3.shelf
/??lf/
n. 搁板,架子; (尤指水中)陆架,底岩
v. 揭露或人
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4.submarine
/?s?bm??ri?n/
n. 潜艇,潜水艇
adj. 海面下的,海底的
v. 用潜水艇进犯; 鄙人疾行,鄙人滑动
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5.spore
/sp??/
n.孢子
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◆词组分配
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1.subsist on 靠…为生
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◆写作句总结
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some?spores can remain viable in hostile environments?for thousands and?possibly millions?of years.
规划: … can remain viable in hostile environments?for thousands and?possibly millions?of years.
…可以在恶劣的环境中存活数千年,甚至数百万年。
例句: a few hardy species can remain viable in hostile environments?for thousands and?possibly millions?of years.????