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1) simile:(明喻)
it is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike?elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. to?make the comparison, words like as, as…as, as if and like are used to transfer?the quality we?associate with one to the other明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和表象进行比照,标明本体和喻体之间的类似联络,两者都在比照中呈现。常用比方词 like, as, as if, as though等 ??for example, as cold waters to a thirsty soul,
so is good news from a far country./ this elephant is like a snake as anybody?can see.
2) metaphor:(暗喻)
it is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but?unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.隐喻(metaphor)这种比方不经过比方词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描绘,甲乙两事物之间的联络和类似之处是暗含的。 ?for example, the world is a stage./ the?diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
3) analogy: (类推)
it is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually?uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel?between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of?resemblance.
4) personification: (拟人)
it gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予)
?to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(笼统).拟人(personification)这种修辞办法是把人类的特征、特性加于外界事物之上,使之品质化,以物拟人,以抵达彼此交融,合二为一。1、she may have tens of thousand of babies?in one summer.(from“ watching ants”)一个夏天她可以生育不计其数个孩子。
这儿用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。 ?for example, the wind?whistled through the trees.
5) hyperbole: (夸大)
it is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.夸大(hyperbole)这是运用丰厚的愿望,过激的言词,烘托和装饰客观事物,以抵达偏重的作用。 ?1、my blood froze.我的血液都凝集了。for ??instance, he?almost died laughing.
6) understatement: (宛转陈述)
it is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. it achieves its effect of?emphasizing a fact by deliberately(成心肠) understating it, impressing the?listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by?bare statement.for instance, it is no laughing matter.
7) euphemism: (宛转)
it is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无开罪) expression for one?that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. for instance, we refer to?”die” as” pass away”.
8) metonymy (转喻)
it is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one?thing for that of another. for instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the?sword (forces).借代(metonymy)是指两种不火伴物并不类似,但又密不可以分,因而常用其间一种事物称号替代另一种。
1、several years later, word came that napoleonyh himself was coming to?inspect them…
几年今后,他们传闻拿破仑要亲自来调查他们。“word”在这儿替代了“news, information”(消息、信息)
2、al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用双眼说,“是的”。
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9) synecdoche (提喻)
it is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.
提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,首要特征是部分代表全体,或以全体喻指有些,或以笼统代具体,或以具体代笼统。
1、the great wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and?blood of millions of men.长城不只是用石头和土缔造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。句中的“the ??flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(无量的牺牲) ?for instance, they say there’s bread and work for all. she was dressed?in?silks.
10) antonomasia (换喻)????